Cosmic Velocity - Second to Meter per Second

The second cosmic velocity (Earth's escape velocity) is approximately 11,200 m/s (11.2 km/s), the minimum speed to escape Earth's gravity completely.

v₂ = √(2GM/r) = √2 × v₁ ≈ 11.2 km/s. Exactly √2 times the first cosmic velocity.

To km/h: × 3,600. To mph: × 25,000. 11.2 km/s = 40,320 km/h = 25,053 mph.

Moon missions, Mars missions, deep space probes (Voyager, New Horizons), and any mission leaving Earth's gravity well.

Apollo missions: ~11.2 km/s. Voyager probes: exceeded v₂ to leave solar system. New Horizons: launched at record 16.26 km/s (fastest ever from Earth).

Thinking you need this speed everywhere — you only need it at launch. In space, much less Δv is needed.

~11 km/s to escape Earth. √2 × orbital velocity. Remember: orbit ≈ 8 km/s, escape ≈ 11 km/s.

The meter per second is the SI derived unit of speed and velocity, defined as the distance traveled in meters over time in seconds. It represents how many meters an object moves in one second.

1 m/s = base unit. Direct relationship with distance (m) and time (s). Speed = distance ÷ time.

To km/h: × 3.6. To mph: × 2.237. To ft/s: × 3.281. To knots: × 1.944.

Walking speed (1.4 m/s average), running speed (elite sprinters reach 12.4 m/s), vehicle speeds in scientific contexts, and wind speed measurements.

Usain Bolt's top speed: 12.4 m/s (44.6 km/h). Cheetah speed: 29 m/s. Speed of sound at sea level: 343 m/s. Light: 299,792,458 m/s.

Confusing m/s with km/h — a common error when reading speedometers. Remember: multiply m/s by 3.6 to get km/h.

Quick conversion: 10 m/s ≈ 36 km/h. To visualize: 1 m/s means moving one big step per second. Multiply by 3.6 for km/h.