Velocity of Sound in Sea Water (20°C, 10m depth) to Millimeter per Minute

The speed of sound in seawater at 20°C and 10 meters depth is approximately 1,522 m/s, varying with temperature, salinity, and pressure.

Complex function of T, S, P. Mackenzie equation: c ≈ 1,449 + 4.6T - 0.055T² + 0.00029T³ + (1.34-0.01T)(S-35) + 0.016z. Typical: ~1,500 m/s.

To km/h: × 3.6. To ft/s: × 3.281. 1,522 m/s = 5,479 km/h = 3,404 mph.

Naval sonar, commercial ship echo sounders, underwater positioning systems, and marine seismic surveys.

Sound speed increases ~1.3 m/s per °C, ~1.3 m/s per PSU salinity, and ~1.7 m/s per 100m depth. SOFAR channel at ~1000m depth traps sound for thousands of km.

Using a single constant — sound speed in the ocean varies significantly with depth and location. Always measure or calculate for local conditions.

~1,500 m/s is a good approximation. Remember: warmer, saltier, deeper = faster sound. Critical for accurate sonar ranging.

Millimeter per minute measures small distances in millimeters traveled over one minute.

1 mm/min = 0.001 m/min = 0.0000167 m/s = 0.00006 km/h.

To m/s: ÷ 60,000. To cm/min: ÷ 10. To m/min: ÷ 1,000.

CNC machine feed rates (50–500 mm/min for cutting), 3D printer speeds, medical infusion pumps, and slow actuator movements.

3D printer typical: 40–150 mm/min. Slow drill feed: 10–100 mm/min. Medical IV drip: 1–50 mm/min (linear displacement).

Confusing with mm/s (60× faster) or cm/min (10× faster).

1,000 mm/min = 1 m/min. Very common in machining. Good for precision movements.