Cosmic Velocity - Third to Kilometer per Minute

The third cosmic velocity is approximately 16,700 m/s (16.7 km/s), the minimum speed to escape the Sun's gravity from Earth's orbital position.

v₃ = √(v_sun² - v_Earth²) where v_sun is solar escape velocity from Earth's orbit. Approximately 16.7 km/s relative to Earth.

To km/h: × 3,600. To mph: × 37,282. 16.7 km/s = 60,120 km/h = 37,344 mph.

Voyager missions, future interstellar probes, and calculations for leaving the solar system.

Voyager 1: ~17 km/s relative to Sun (achieved via Jupiter gravity assist). Parker Solar Probe: 163 km/s peak (but toward Sun, not away).

Thinking Voyager was launched at 16.7 km/s — it used gravity assists. Also, confusing with speed needed to escape from Sun's surface (618 km/s).

~17 km/s to leave the solar system from Earth's orbit. Voyagers achieved this with gravity assists from planets.

Kilometer per minute measures how many kilometers are traveled in one minute. It's a less common but useful speed unit for high-speed contexts.

1 km/min = 60 km/h = 16.667 m/s. There are 60 minutes in an hour.

To km/h: × 60. To m/s: × 16.667. To mph: × 37.28.

Describing meteor speeds, high-speed rail in casual conversation, or military projectile velocities.

Earth's orbital speed: 1,800 km/min. Escape velocity: 40 km/min. Fastest manned aircraft (X-15): 6.7 km/min.

Confusing with km/h — 1 km/min is 60 times faster than 1 km/h, not the same.

Easy conversion: km/min × 60 = km/h. Example: 2 km/min = 120 km/h. Useful for mental math with fast speeds.